A steady tempo (beats per minute) that is neither too fast nor too slow for the horse is the foundation of balance - together with correct arena patterns. That’s why it is the first element of the training scale. A steady tempo allows the horse to find his longitudinal balance. Accurate arena patterns that are performed in functional straightness (i.e. the horse’s feet are aligned so that the left pair of legs is on the left side of the line, the right pair of legs is on the right side of the line, and the spine forms a segment of the line) allow the horse to find his lateral balance.
